pandemic preparedness

getting ready for disease outbreaks

keeping people apart to stop disease

a planned effort to give vaccines to many people

public health infrastructure

public systems that provide health care

actions to help people after a disaster

[C2 Level] Global Issues – English vocabulary

89 words · English vocabulary · Created by Openquiz Team

89 English words with meanings: climate resilience, carbon neutrality, deforestation, ecosystem collapse, biodiversity… Study them with flashcards, quizzes…

Part of the learning path: C1–C2 Everyday English

Word list

climate resilience /'klaɪmət rɪ'zɪliəns/ (noun) — ability to recover from climate change
Example: Building climate resilience is essential for vulnerable communities.
Synonyms: adaptability, durability, toughness
carbon neutrality /'kɑ:bən nju:'træləti/ (noun) — no net carbon emissions
Example: Many nations aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.
Synonyms: net-zero emissions, carbon balance
deforestation /di:,fɒrɪ'steɪʃən/ (noun) — cutting down forests
Example: Deforestation contributes significantly to global warming.
Synonyms: tree clearance, logging
ecosystem collapse /'i:kəʊ,sɪstəm kə'læps/ (noun) — breakdown of natural systems
Example: Pollution can trigger large-scale ecosystem collapse.
Synonyms: ecological breakdown, environmental ruin
biodiversity /,baɪəʊdaɪ'vɜ:sɪti/ (noun) — variety of living things
Example: Protecting biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance.
Synonyms: variety of life, ecological diversity
renewable energy /rɪ'nju:əbl 'ɛnədʒi/ (noun) — energy from natural sources
Example: Renewable energy helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Synonyms: green energy, sustainable energy
emission reduction /ɪ'mɪʃən rɪ'dʌkʃən/ (noun) — cut pollution gases
Example: Emission reduction is key to slowing climate change.
Synonyms: cut in emissions, carbon reduction
globalization /,ɡləʊbəlaɪ'zeɪʃən/ (noun) — countries becoming more connected
Example: Globalization has transformed economies and cultures worldwide.
Synonyms: international integration, worldwide interconnection
interdependence /,ɪntədɪ'pɛndəns/ (noun) — needing each other
Example: Economic interdependence makes conflicts more complex.
Synonyms: mutual reliance, connection
outsourcing /'aʊtsɔ:sɪŋ/ (noun) — hiring outside companies
Example: Outsourcing can reduce costs but affect domestic jobs.
Synonyms: contracting out, subcontracting
trade liberalization /treɪd ,lɪbərəlaɪ'zeɪʃən/ (noun) — making trade easier
Example: Trade liberalization can boost international business.
Synonyms: free trade, market opening
multinational corporation /,mʌlti'næʃənəl ,kɔ:pə'reɪʃən/ (noun) — a company in many countries
Example: Multinational corporations often operate in multiple countries.
Synonyms: global company, international enterprise
economic disparity /,i:kə'nɒmɪk dɪ'spærɪti/ (noun) — difference in wealth
Example: Globalization can increase economic disparity between nations.
Synonyms: income gap, wealth inequality
terrorism /'tɛrərɪzəm/ (noun) — violent attacks to cause fear
Example: Terrorism poses serious threats to global security.
Synonyms: extremism, violence, attack
cybersecurity /'saɪbərsɪkjʊrɪti/ (noun) — protecting computers and data
Example: Cybersecurity has become a key national priority.
Synonyms: information security, data protection
espionage /'ɛspɪənɑ:ʒ/ (noun) — secret spying for information
Example: Industrial espionage can harm economic competitiveness.
Synonyms: spying, intelligence gathering
deterrence /dɪ'tɜ:rəns/ (noun) — stopping action by threat
Example: A strong military can act as a deterrence to aggression.
Synonyms: prevention, discouragement
surveillance /sɜ:'veɪləns/ (noun) — watching people or activity
Example: Mass surveillance raises privacy concerns.
Synonyms: monitoring, observation
poverty alleviation /'pɒvəti ə,li:vi'eɪʃən/ (noun) — helping people escape poverty
Example: Education plays a major role in poverty alleviation.
Synonyms: poverty reduction, economic uplift
destitution /,dɛstɪ'tju:ʃən/ (noun) — extreme poverty
Example: Many refugees live in destitution after conflicts.
Synonyms: poverty, misery, deprivation
malnutrition /,mælnju:'trɪʃən/ (noun) — poor health from lack of food
Example: Malnutrition remains a challenge in developing nations.
Synonyms: undernourishment, starvation
income inequality /'ɪnkʌm ɪnɪ'kwɒləti/ (noun) — unequal pay and wealth
Example: Income inequality can destabilize societies.
Synonyms: wealth gap, economic disparity
social exclusion /'səʊʃəl ɪk'sklu:ʒən/ (noun) — being shut out of society
Example: Social exclusion prevents equal access to opportunities.
Synonyms: marginalization, discrimination
pandemic preparedness /pæn'dɛmɪk prɪ'pɛədnəs/ (noun) — getting ready for disease outbreaks
Example: Pandemic preparedness involves global cooperation.
Synonyms: epidemic readiness, disease response planning
quarantine /'kwɒrənti:n/ (noun) — keeping people apart to stop disease
Example: The city was placed under quarantine during the outbreak.
Synonyms: isolation, seclusion
contagion /kən'teɪdʒən/ (noun) — spread of disease
Example: The government acted quickly to prevent contagion.
Synonyms: infection, transmission, spread
vaccination campaign /,væksɪ'neɪʃən kæm'peɪn/ (noun) — a planned effort to give vaccines to many people
Example: The vaccination campaign saved millions of lives.
Synonyms: immunization drive, vaccine rollout
public health infrastructure /'pʌblɪk hɛlθ 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/ (noun) — public systems that provide health care
Example: Public health infrastructure is vital against pandemics.
Synonyms: health system, medical network
humanitarian aid /hju:,mænɪ'teərɪən eɪd/ (noun) — help given to people in need
Example: Humanitarian aid was delivered to the flood victims.
Synonyms: relief aid, charitable assistance
relief operation /rɪ'li:f ɒpə'reɪʃən/ (noun) — actions to help people after a disaster
Example: Relief operations were launched after the earthquake.
Synonyms: emergency response, aid mission

…and 59 more words in this set.

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[C2 Level] Global Issues – English vocabulary

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